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What is a Battery?
Batteries聽are a collection of one or more cells whose chemical reactions create a flow of electrons in a circuit.
All batteries are made up of three basic components.
路 an Anode (the 鈥?鈥?side) Mitch Wishnowsky Jersey , a Cathode (the 鈥?鈥?side), and some kind of Electrolyte. Electrolyte is a substance that chemically reacts with the anode and cathode.
How does a Battery really work?
Where does the power in a battery actually come from? Let鈥檚 take a closer look!
路 Here鈥檚 my battery hooked up to a bulb to make a simple circuit.
路 If you look closely you can see the current direction,
路 That鈥檚 because the electrons are marching towards it.
Now back to our battery. The positive and negative electrodes are separated by the chemical electrolyte. It can be a liquid Jalen Hurd Jersey , but in an ordinary battery it is more likely to be a dry powder.
When you connect the battery to a lamp and switch on, chemical reactions start happening. One of the reactions generate positive ions and electrons at the negative electrode. The positive ions flow聽into聽the electrolyte, while the electrons flow around the outside circuit to the positive electrode and make the lamp light up on the way.
Types of Batteries
路 Alkaline Batteries
Alkaline batteries are non-rechargeable Deebo Samuel Jersey , high energy density, batteries that have a long life span. This battery obtained its name because the electrolyte used in it is alkaline.
The typical values of voltage and current supplied by a single alkaline cell are 1.5V and 700mA respectively. These batteries are distributed in various standard cylindrical shapes.
路 Zinc-Carbon Batteries
Zinc-Carbon batteries are also known as dry cells (as the nature of electrolyte used in these cells is dry), which come in a composition of a carbon rod (cathode) surrounded by a mixture of carbon powder and manganese dioxide (to increase the conductivity). This whole combination is packed in a zinc container acting as the anode. The electrolyte is a mixture of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride. The typical voltage value is a little less than 1.5V. These batteries are durable and have longer lives. Zinc-Carbon batteries can be used effectively at moderate temperature but do not work well at low temperatures.
路 Lead-Acid Batteries
Lead-acid batteries are the rechargeable kind of batteries. These large Nick Bosa Jersey , heavyweight batteries find the major application in automobiles as these fulfill the high current requirements of the heavy motors. The composition of聽Lead-Acid battery聽changes in charged and discharged states.
路 Lithium & Silver Oxide Batteries
Lithium batteries are rechargeable (secondary) batteries, where lithium in its pure ion compound form is used. Depending on the design and chemical compounds used, lithium batteries can produce voltages from 1.5 Volts to 3.7 Volts. The most common type of lithium battery used in consumer applications uses manganese dioxide as cathode and metallic lithium as anode. Compared to ordinary zinc鈥揷arbon batteries or alkaline batteries Solomon Thomas Jersey , the voltage production of lithium cell is twice from them.
Silver oxide batteries are expensive, small to large sized primary cells that offer better run time than alkaline batteries. They are usually suitable for powering low-current electrical聽 聽use silver oxide as positive (cathode) electrode, zinc as negative (anode) electrode plus alkaline electrolyte Dante Pettis Jersey , normally Potassium hydroxide (KOH) or Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH).
What is Ah in a Battery ?
The Amp Hour (AH) specification provides a measurement of battery capacity.聽 In other words, it is an indication of how much energy can be stored by the battery.
A typical Amp Hour specification might read, 鈥?00 AH @ 20HR鈥?
The specification is saying that the battery will provide 5 amps of current聽at a usable voltage continuously聽for 20 hours. The 鈥? amps鈥?was calculated by dividing 100 by 20.
It should be noted that a usable voltage is considered to about 10.5 volts and above on a battery that is under load.
A common misunderstanding associated with a Battery :
Consider the 100 Amp Hour battery. As indicated above Mike McGlinchey Jersey , it will provide 5 amps of current for twenty hours while maintaining a voltage above 10.5 volts.
A common mistake is made when it is assumed that the 100 AH battery will also provide 100 amps for 1 Hour.聽 It won鈥檛.聽 In fact, a battery of this type may only provide about 40 minutes of continuous 100 amp service at best.
Other Ah rates :
The Amp Hour specification on 12 volt batteries is normally based on @ 20 Hour Rate.
How to measure the Battery Voltage and Current ?
Measuring of Battery Voltage using Multi-meter:
You can use your multi-meter to measure the voltage across the battery pack
Step 1:聽Connect the testing leads to the multi-meter.
Step 2:聽Turn the knob to the DC voltage segment in the multi-meter at DCV.
Step 3:聽Connect the probes in the circuit according to the polarity.
Measurement of Battery Current using Multi-meter:
Multi-meter has different procedure for measuring current. Current can be measured in the range of milli amperes to few Amperes.
Step 1:聽Turn the knob of the Multi-meter to Amp segment at DCA.
Step 2:聽Connect the Testing leads of the Multi-meter in series with the Load (as shown in the below figure).
Battery Testing :
This can be done by two methods,
路 The measurement of Battery Voltage with the help of Voltmeter or Multi-meter.
路 A battery鈥檚 specific gravity is a great way of measuring a battery鈥檚 state of charge. This is because during a discharge Matt Breida Jersey , the specific gravity decreases linear with ampere-hours discharged. The specific gravity also increases as the battery is recharged.A hydrometer is used to measure the specific gravity of the electrolyte solution in eac
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